Acamprosate Calcium (4051)
[ ah-cam'-pro-sate kal'-see-um ]
| Ingredients: |
Acamprosate Calcium |
| Indications: |
Alcohol, dependence |
| Pregnancy Category: |
C |
| FDA Approved: |
2004- 09- 01 |
| Classes: |
Antialcoholics |
| Brand Names: |
Acampral
-
Korea
;
Aotal
-
France
;
Campral
-
US; Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Chile, Mexico
;
Sobrial
-
South-africa
;
|
| DEA schedules: |
(none)
|
| Cost of therapy: |
$130.50
(
Alcohol Abstinence ;
Campral ;
333 mg ;
6 tablets/day ;
30 day supply
)
|
DESCRIPTION
|
| |
Campral (acamprosate calcium) is supplied in an enteric- coated tablet for oral administration. Acamprosate calcium is a synthetic
compound with a chemical structure similar to that of the endogenous amino acid homotaurine, which is a structural analogue
of the amino acid neurotransmitter γ- aminobutyric acid and the amino acid neuromodulator taurine. Its chemical name is calcium
acetylaminopropane sulfonate. Its chemical formula is C10 H20 N2 O8 S2 Ca and molecular weight is 400.48.
Acamprosate calcium is a white, odorless or nearly odorless powder. It is freely soluble in water, and practically insoluble
in absolute ethanol and dichloromethane.
Each Campral tablet contains acamprosate calcium 333 mg, equivalent to 300 mg of acamprosate. Inactive ingredients in Campral tablets include: Crospovidone, microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium silicate, sodium starch glycolate, colloidal anhydrous silica, magnesium
stearate, talc, propylene glycol and Eudragit L 30 D or equivalent. Sulfites were used in the synthesis of the drug substance
and traces of residual sulfites may be present in the drug product.
|
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
|
| |
Pharmacodynamics
|
| |
The mechanism of action of acamprosate in maintenance of alcohol abstinence is not completely understood. Chronic alcohol
exposure is hypothesized to alter the normal balance between neuronal excitation and inhibition. In vitro and in vivo studies in animals have provided evidence to suggest acamprosate may interact with glutamate and GABA neurotransmitter systems
centrally, and has led to the hypothesis that acamprosate restores this balance.
Pharmacodynamic studies have shown that acamprosate calcium reduces alcohol intake in alcohol- dependent animals in a dose-
dependent manner and that this effect appears to be specific to alcohol and the mechanisms of alcohol dependence.
Acamprosate calcium has negligible observable central nervous system (CNS) activity in animals outside of its effects on alcohol
dependence, exhibiting no anticonvulsant, antidepressant, or anxiolytic activity.
The administration of acamprosate calcium is not associated with the development of tolerance or dependence in animal studies.
Acamprosate calcium is not known to cause alcohol aversion and does not cause a disulfiram- like reaction as a result of ethanol
ingestion.
|
Pharmacokinetics
|
| |
Absorption
|
| |
The absolute bioavailability of acamprosate calcium after oral administration is about 11%. Steady- state plasma concentrations
of acamprosate are reached within 5 days of dosing. Steady- state peak plasma concentrations after acamprosate calcium doses
of 2 × 333- mg tablets three times daily average 350 ng/ ml and occur at 3- 8 hours post- dose. Coadministration of acamprosate
calcium with food decreases bioavailability as measured by Cmax and AUC, by approximately 42% and 23%, respectively. The food effect on absorption is not clinically significant and no adjustment
of dose is necessary.
|
Distribution
|
| |
The volume of distribution for acamprosate following IV administration is estimated to be 72- 109 L (approximately 1 L/ kg).
Plasma protein binding of acamprosate is negligible.
|
Metabolism
|
| |
Acamprosate does not undergo metabolism.
|
Elimination
|
| |
After oral dosing of 2 × 333 mg of acamprosate calcium, the terminal half- life ranges from approximately 20- 33 hours. Following
oral administration of acamprosate calcium, the major route of excretion is via the kidneys as acamprosate.
|
|
Special Populations
|
| |
Gender
|
| |
Acamprosate calcium does not exhibit any significant pharmacokinetic differences between male and female subjects.
|
Age
|
| |
The pharmacokinetics of acamprosate calcium have not been evaluated in a geriatric population. However, since renal function
diminishes in elderly patients and acamprosate is excreted unchanged in urine, acamprosate plasma concentrations are likely
to be higher in the elderly population compared to younger adults.
|
Pediatrics
|
| |
The pharmacokinetics of acamprosate calcium have not been evaluated in a pediatric population.
|
Renal Impairment
|
| |
Peak plasma concentrations after administration of a single dose of 2 × 333- mg acamprosate calcium tablets to patients with
moderate or severe renal impairment were about 2- fold and 4- fold higher, respectively, compared to healthy subjects. Similarly,
elimination half- life was about 1.8- fold and 2.6- fold longer, respectively, compared to healthy subjects. There is a linear
relationship between creatinine clearance values and total apparent plasma clearance, renal clearance and plasma half- life
of acamprosate. A dose of 1 × 333 mg acamprosate calcium, three times daily, is recommended in patients with moderate renal
impairment (creatinine clearance of 30- 50 ml/ min, see also PRECAUTIONS ). Patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance ≤30 ml/ min) should not be given acamprosate calcium (see also CONTRAINDICATIONS ).
|
Hepatic Impairment
|
| |
Acamprosate is not metabolized by the liver and the pharmacokinetics of acamprosate calcium are not altered in patients with
mild to moderate hepatic impairment (Groups A and B of the Child- Pugh classification). No adjustment of dosage is recommended
in such patients.
|
Alcohol-Dependent Subjects
|
| |
A cross- study comparison of acamprosate calcium at doses of 2 × 333 mg three times daily indicated similar pharmacokinetics
between alcohol- dependent subjects and healthy subjects.
|
|
Drug-Drug Interactions
|
| |
Acamprosate had no inducing potential on the cytochrome CYP1A2 and 3A4 systems, and in vitro inhibition studies suggest that acamprosate does not inhibit in vivo metabolism mediated by cytochrome CYP1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, or 3A4. The pharmacokinetics of acamprosate were unaffected
when coadministered with alcohol, disulfiram or diazepam. Similarly, the pharmacokinetics of ethanol, diazepam and nordiazepam,
imipramine and desipramine, naltrexone and 6- beta naltrexol were unaffected following coadministration with acamprosate calcium.
However, coadministration of acamprosate calcium with naltrexone led to a 33% increase in the Cmax and a 25% increase in the AUC of acamprosate. No adjustment of dosage is recommended in such patients.
|
|
CLINICAL STUDIES
|
| |
The efficacy of acamprosate calcium in the maintenance of abstinence was supported by three clinical studies involving a total
of 998 patients who were administered at least 1 dose of acamprosate calcium or placebo as an adjunct to psychosocial therapy.
Each study was a double- blind, placebo- controlled trial in alcohol- dependent patients who had undergone inpatient detoxification
and were abstinent from alcohol on the day of randomization. Study durations ranged from 90- 360 days. Acamprosate calcium
proved superior to placebo in maintaining abstinence, as indicated by a greater percentage of subjects being assessed as continuously
abstinent throughout treatment.
In a fourth study, the efficacy of acamprosate calcium was evaluated in alcoholics, including patients with a history of polysubstance
abuse and patients who had not undergone detoxification and were not required to be abstinent at baseline. This study failed
to demonstrate superiority of acamprosate calcium over placebo.
|
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
|
| |
Acamprosate calcium is indicated for the maintenance of abstinence from alcohol in patients with alcohol dependence who are
abstinent at treatment initiation. Treatment with acamprosate calcium should be part of a comprehensive management program
that includes psychosocial support.
The efficacy of acamprosate calcium in promoting abstinence has not been demonstrated in subjects who have not undergone detoxification
and not achieved alcohol abstinence prior to beginning acamprosate calcium treatment. The efficacy of acamprosate calcium
in promoting abstinence from alcohol in polysubstance abusers has not been adequately assessed.
|
CONTRAINDICATIONS
|
| |
Acamprosate calcium is contraindicated in patients who previously have exhibited hypersensitivity to acamprosate calcium or
any of its components.
Acamprosate calcium is contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance ≤30 ml/ min).
|
PRECAUTIONS
|
| |
Use of acamprosate calcium does not eliminate or diminish withdrawal symptoms.
General
|
| |
Renal Impairment
|
| |
Treatment with acamprosate calcium in patients with moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance of 30- 50 ml/ min) requires
a dose reduction. Patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance of ≤30 ml/ min) should not be given acamprosate
calcium (see also CONTRAINDICATIONS ).
|
Suicidality
|
| |
In controlled clinical trials of acamprosate calcium, adverse events of a suicidal nature (suicidal ideation, suicide attempts,
completed suicides) were infrequent overall, but were more common in acamprosate calcium- treated patients than in patients
treated with placebo (1.4% vs 0.5% in studies of 6 months or less; 2.4% vs 0.8% in year- long studies). Completed suicides
occurred in 3 of 2272 (0.13%) patients in the pooled acamprosate group from all controlled studies and 2 of 1962 patients
(0.10%) in the placebo group. Adverse events coded as "depression" were reported at similar rates in acamprosate calcium-
treated and placebo- treated patients. Although many of these events occurred in the context of alcohol relapse, no consistent
pattern of relationship between the clinical course of recovery from alcoholism and the emergence of suicidality was identified.
The interrelationship between alcohol dependence, depression and suicidality is well- recognized and complex. Alcohol- dependent
patients, including those patients being treated with acamprosate calcium should be monitored for the development of symptoms
of depression or suicidal thinking. Families and caregivers of patients being treated with acamprosate calcium should be alerted
to the need to monitor patients for the emergence of symptoms of depression or suicidality, and to report such symptoms to
the patient's health care provider.
|
|
Information for the Patient
|
| |
Physicians are advised to discuss the following issues with patients for whom they prescribe acamprosate calcium.
Any psychoactive drug may impair judgment, thinking, or motor skills. Patients should be cautioned about operating hazardous
machinery, including automobiles, until they are reasonably certain that acamprosate calcium therapy does not affect their
ability to engage in such activities.
Patients should be advised to notify their physician if they become pregnant or intend to become pregnant during therapy.
Patients should be advised to notify their physician if they are breast- feeding.
Patients should be advised to continue acamprosate calcium therapy as directed, even in the event of relapse and should be
reminded to discuss any renewed drinking with their physician.
Patients should be advised that acamprosate calcium has been shown to help maintain abstinence only when used as a part of
a treatment program that includes counseling and support.
|
Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity and Impairment of Fertility
|
| |
A carcinogenicity study was conducted in which Sprague- Dawley rats received acamprosate calcium in their diet at doses of
25, 100 or 400 mg/ kg/ day (0.2- , 0.7- or 2.5- fold the maximum recommended human dose based on an AUC comparison). There
was no evidence of an increased incidence of tumors in this carcinogenicity study in the rat. An adequate carcinogenicity
study in the mouse has not been conducted.
Acamprosate calcium was negative in all genetic toxicology studies conducted. Acamprosate calcium demonstrated no evidence
of genotoxicity in an in vitro bacterial reverse point mutation assay (Ames assay) or an in vitro mammalian cell gene mutation test using Chinese Hamster Lung V79 cells. No clastogenicity was observed in an in vitro chromosomal aberration assay in human lymphocytes and no chromosomal damage detected in an in vivo mouse micronucleus assay.
Acamprosate calcium had no effect on fertility after treatment for 70 days prior to mating in male rats and for 14 days prior
to mating, throughout mating, gestation and lactation in female rats at doses up to 1000 mg/ kg/ day (approximately 4 times
the maximum recommended human daily oral dose on a mg/ m2basis). In mice, acamprosate calcium administered orally for 60 days prior to mating and throughout gestation in females at
doses up to 2400 mg/ kg/ day (approximately 5 times the maximum recommended human daily oral dose on a mg/ m2basis) had no effect on fertility.
|
Pregnancy Category C
|
| |
Teratogenic Effects
|
| |
Acamprosate calcium has been shown to be teratogenic in rats when given in doses that are approximately equal to the human
dose (on a mg/ m2basis) and in rabbits when given in doses that are approximately 3 times the human dose (on a mg/ m2basis). Acamprosate calcium produced a dose- related increase in the number of fetuses with malformations in rats at oral
doses of 300 mg/ kg/ day or greater (approximately equal to the maximum recommended human daily oral dose on a mg/ m2basis). The malformations included hydronephrosis, malformed iris, retinal dysplasia, and retroesophageal subclavian artery.
No findings were observed at an oral dose of 50 mg/ kg/ day (approximately one- fifth the maximum recommended human daily
oral dose on a mg/ m2basis). An increased incidence of hydronephrosis was also noted in Burgundy Tawny rabbits at oral doses of 400 mg/ kg/ day
or greater (approximately 3 times the maximum recommended human daily oral dose on a mg/ m2basis). No developmental effects were observed in New Zealand white rabbits at oral doses up to 1000 mg/ kg/ day (approximately
8 times the maximum recommended human daily oral dose on a mg/ m2basis). The findings in animals should be considered in relation to known adverse developmental effects of ethyl alcohol,
which include the characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome (craniofacial dysmorphism, intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation,
retarded psychomotor and intellectual development) and milder forms of neurological and behavioral disorders in humans. There
are no adequate and well controlled studies in pregnant women. Acamprosate calcium should be used during pregnancy only if
the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
|
Nonteratogenic Effects
|
| |
A study conducted in pregnant mice that were administered acamprosate calcium by the oral route starting on Day 15 of gestation
through the end of lactation on postnatal Day 28 demonstrated an increased incidence of still- born fetuses at doses of 960
mg/ kg/ day or greater (approximately 2 times the maximum recommended human daily oral dose on a mg/ m2basis). No effects were observed at a dose of 320 mg/ kg/ day (approximately one- half the maximum recommended human daily
dose on a mg/ m2basis).
|
|
Labor and Delivery
|
| |
The potential for acamprosate calcium to affect the duration of labor and delivery is unknown.
|
Nursing Mothers
|
| |
In animal studies, acamprosate was excreted in the milk of lactating rats dosed orally with acamprosate calcium. The concentration
of acamprosate in milk compared to blood was 1.3:1. It is not known whether acamprosate is excreted in human milk. Because
many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when acamprosate calcium is administered to a nursing woman.
|
Pediatric Use
|
| |
The safety and efficacy of acamprosate calcium have not been established in the pediatric population.
|
Geriatric Use
|
| |
Forty- one (41) of the 4234 patients in double- blind, placebo- controlled, clinical trials of acamprosate calcium were 65
years of age or older, while none were 75 years of age or over. There were too few patients in the ≥65 age group to evaluate
any differences in safety or effectiveness for geriatric patients compared to younger patients.
This drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater
in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care
should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function (See CLINICAL PAHARMACOLOGY , ADVERSE REACTIONS , and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ).
|
|
DRUG INTERACTIONS
|
| |
The concomitant intake of alcohol and acamprosate calcium does not affect the pharmacokinetics of either alcohol or acamprosate.
Pharmacokinetic studies indicate that administration of disulfiram or diazepam does not affect the pharmacokinetics of acamprosate.
Coadministration of naltrexone with acamprosate calcium produced a 25% increase in AUC and a 33% increase in the Cmax of acamprosate. No adjustment of dosage is recommended in such patients. The pharmacokinetics of naltrexone and its major
metabolite 6- beta- naltrexol were unaffected following coadministration with acamprosate calcium.
Other Concomitant Therapies
|
| |
In clinical trials, the safety profile in subjects treated with acamprosate calcium concomitantly with anxiolytics, hypnotics
and sedatives (including benzodiazepines), or non- opioid analgesics was similar to that of subjects taking placebo with these
concomitant medications. Patients taking acamprosate calcium concomitantly with antidepressants more commonly reported both
weight gain and weight loss, compared with patients taking either medication alone.
|
|
ADVERSE REACTIONS
|
| |
The adverse event data described below reflect the safety experience in over 7000 patients exposed to acamprosate calcium
for up to 1 year, including over 2000 acamprosate calcium- exposed patients who participated in placebo- controlled trials.
Adverse Events Leading to Discontinuation
|
| |
In placebo- controlled trials of 6 months or less, 8% of acamprosate calcium- treated patients discontinued treatment due
to an adverse event, as compared to 6% of patients treated with placebo. In studies longer than 6 months, the discontinuation
rate due to adverse events was 7% in both the placebo- treated and the acamprosate calcium- treated patients. Only diarrhea
was associated with the discontinuation of more than 1% of patients (2% of acamprosate calcium- treated versus 0.7% of placebo-
treated patients). Other events, including nausea, depression, and anxiety, while accounting for discontinuation in less than
1% of patients, were nevertheless more commonly cited in association with discontinuation in acamprosate calcium- treated
patients than in placebo- treated patients.
|
Common Adverse Events Reported in Controlled Trials
|
| |
Common, non- serious adverse events were collected spontaneously in some controlled studies and using a checklist in other
studies. The overall profile of adverse events was similar using either method. TABLE 1 shows those events that occurred in any acamprosate calcium treatment group at a rate of 3% or greater and greater than the
placebo group in controlled clinical trials with spontaneously reported adverse events. The reported frequencies of adverse
events represent the proportion of individuals who experienced, at least once, a treatment- emergent adverse event of the
type listed, without regard to the causal relationship of the events to the drug.
| TABLE 1
Events Occurring at a Rate of at Least 3% and Greater Than Placebo in Any Acamprosate Calcium Treatment Group in Controlled
Clinical Trials With Spontaneously Reported Adverse Events
|
| |
Number of Patients (%) With Events |
| Body System/ Preferred Term |
Acamprosate Calcium 1332 mg/ day |
Acamprosate Calcium 1998 mg/ day* |
Acamprosate Calcium Pooled† |
Placebo |
| Number of Patients in Treatment Group
|
397
|
1539
|
2019
|
1706
|
| Number (%) of Patients With an AE
|
248 (62%)
|
910 (59%)
|
1231 (61%)
|
955 (56%)
|
| Body as a Whole
|
121 (30%)
|
513 (33%)
|
685 (34%)
|
517 (30%)
|
| |
Accidental injury‡ |
17 ( 4%) |
44 ( 3%) |
70 ( 3%) |
52 ( 3%) |
| |
Asthenia |
29 ( 7%) |
79 ( 5%) |
114 ( 6%) |
93 ( 5%) |
| |
Pain |
6 ( 2%) |
56 ( 4%) |
65 ( 3%) |
55 ( 3%) |
| Digestive System
|
85 (21%)
|
440 (29%)
|
574 (28%)
|
344 (20%)
|
| |
Anorexia |
20 ( 5%) |
35 ( 2%) |
57 ( 3%) |
44 ( 3%) |
| |
Diarrhea |
39 (10%) |
257 (17%) |
329 (16%) |
166 (10%) |
| |
Flatulence |
4 ( 1%) |
55 ( 4%) |
63 ( 3%) |
28 ( 2%) |
| |
Nausea |
11 ( 3%) |
69 ( 4%) |
87 ( 4%) |
58 ( 3%) |
| Nervous System
|
150 (38%)
|
417 (27%)
|
598 (30%)
|
500 (29%)
|
| |
Anxiety§ |
32 ( 8%) |
80 ( 5%) |
118 ( 6%) |
98 ( 6%) |
| |
Depression |
33 ( 8%) |
63 ( 4%) |
102 ( 5%) |
87 ( 5%) |
| |
Dizziness |
15 ( 4%) |
49 ( 3%) |
67 ( 3%) |
44 ( 3%) |
| |
Dry mouth |
13 ( 3%) |
23 ( 1%) |
36 ( 2%) |
28 ( 2%) |
| |
Insomnia |
34 ( 9%) |
94 ( 6%) |
137 ( 7%) |
121 ( 7%) |
| |
Paresthesia |
11 ( 3%) |
29 ( 2%) |
40 ( 2%) |
34 ( 2%) |
| Skin and Appendages
|
26 (7%)
|
150 (10%)
|
187 (9%)
|
169 (10%)
|
| |
Pruritus |
12 ( 3%) |
68 ( 4%) |
82 ( 4%) |
58 ( 3%) |
| |
Sweating |
11 ( 3%) |
27 ( 2%) |
40 ( 2%) |
39 ( 2%) |
|
| *
|
Includes 258 patients treated with acamprosate calcium 2000 mg/ day, using a different dosage strength and regimen. |
| †
|
Includes all patients in the first 2 columns as well as 83 patients treated with acamprosate calcium 3000 mg/ day, using a
different dosage strength and regimen.
|
| ‡
|
Includes events coded as “fracture” by sponsor. |
| §
|
Includes events coded as “nervousness” by sponsor. |
|
|
Other Events Observed During the Premarketing Evaluation of Acamprosate Calcium
|
| |
Following is a list of terms that reflect treatment- emergent adverse events reported by patients treated with acamprosate
calcium in 20 clinical trials (4461 patients treated with acamprosate calcium, 3526 of whom received the maximum recommended
dose of 1998 mg/ day for up to 1 year in duration). This listing does not include those events already listed above; events
for which a drug cause was considered remote; event terms which were so general as to be uninformative; and events reported
only once which were not likely to be acutely life- threatening.
Events are further categorized by body system and listed in order of decreasing frequency according to the following definitions: frequent adverse events are those occurring in at least 1/ 100 patients (only those not already listed in the summary of adverse events
in controlled trials appear in this listing); infrequent adverse events are those occurring in 1/ 100 to 1/ 1000 patients; rare events are those occurring in fewer than 1/ 1000 patients.
- Body as a Whole: Frequent: Headache, abdominal pain, back pain, infection, flu syndrome, chest pain, chills, suicide attempt; Infrequent: Fever, intentional overdose, malaise, allergic reaction, abscess, neck pain, hernia, intentional injury; Rare: Ascites, face edema, photosensitivity reaction, abdomen enlarged, sudden death.
- Cardiovascular System: Frequent: Palpitation, syncope; Infrequent: Hypotension, tachycardia, hemorrhage, angina pectoris, migraine, varicose vein, myocardial infarct, phlebitis, postural hypotension; Rare: Heart failure, mesenteric arterial occlusion, cardiomyopathy, deep thrombophlebitis, shock.
- Digestive System: Frequent: Vomiting, dyspepsia, constipation, increased appetite; Infrequent: Liver function tests abnormal, gastroenteritis, gastritis, dysphagia, eructation, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, pancreatitis,
rectal hemorrhage, liver cirrhosis, esophagitis, hematemesis, nausea and vomiting, hepatitis; Rare: Melena, stomach ulcer, cholecystitis, colitis, duodenal ulcer, mouth ulceration, carcinoma of liver.
- Endocrine System: Rare: Goiter, hypothyroidism.
- Hemic and Lymphatic System: Infrequent: Anemia, ecchymosis, eosinophilia, lymphocytosis, thrombocytopenia; Rare: Leukopenia, lymphadenopathy, monocytosis.
- Metabolic and Nutritional Disorders: Frequent: Peripheral edema, weight gain; Infrequent: Weight loss, hyperglycemia, SGOT increased, SGPT increased, gout, thirst, hyperuricemia, diabetes mellitus, avitaminosis,
bilirubinemia; Rare: Alkaline phosphatase increased, creatinine increased, hyponatremia, lactic dehydrogenase increased.
- Musculoskeletal System: Frequent: Myalgia, arthralgia; Infrequent: Leg cramps; Rare: Rheumatoid arthritis, myopathy.
- Nervous System: Frequent: Somnolence, libido decreased, amnesia, thinking abnormal, tremor, vasodilatation, hypertension; Infrequent: Convulsion, confusion, libido increased, vertigo, withdrawal syndrome, apathy, suicidal ideation, neuralgia, hostility, agitation,
neurosis, abnormal dreams, hallucinations, hypesthesia; Rare: Alcohol craving, psychosis, hyperkinesia, twitching, depersonalization, increased salivation, paranoid reaction, torticollis,
encephalopathy, manic reaction.
- Respiratory System: Frequent: Rhinitis, cough increased, dyspnea, pharyngitis, bronchitis; Infrequent: Asthma, epistaxis, pneumonia; Rare: Laryngismus, pulmonary embolus.
- Skin and Appendages: Frequent: Rash; Infrequent: Acne, eczema, alopecia, maculopapular rash, dry skin, urticaria, exfoliative dermatitis, vesiculobullous rash; Rare: Psoriasis.
- Special Senses: Frequent: Abnormal vision, taste perversion; Infrequent: Tinnitus, amblyopia, deafness; Rare: Ophthalmitis, diplopia, photophobia.
- Urogenital System: Frequent: Impotence; Infrequent: Metrorrhagia, urinary frequency, urinary tract infection, sexual function abnormal, urinary incontinence, vaginitis; Rare: Kidney calculus, abnormal ejaculation, hematuria, menorrhagia, nocturia, polyuria, urinary urgency.
|
Serious Adverse Events Observed During the Non-US Postmarketing Evaluation of Acamprosate Calcium
|
| |
Although no causal relationship to acamprosate calcium has been found, the serious adverse event of acute kidney failure has
been reported to be temporally associated with acamprosate calcium treatment in at least 3 patients and is not described elsewhere
in the labeling.
|
|
DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE
|
| |
Controlled Substance Class
|
| |
Acamprosate calcium is not a controlled substance.
|
Physical and Psychological Dependence
|
| |
Acamprosate calcium did not produce any evidence of withdrawal symptoms in patients in clinical trials at therapeutic doses.
Postmarketing data, collected retrospectively outside the US, have provided no evidence of acamprosate calcium abuse or dependence.
|
|
OVERDOSAGE
|
| |
In all reported cases of acute overdosage with acamprosate calcium (total reported doses of up to 56 g of acamprosate calcium),
the only symptom that could be reasonably associated with acamprosate calcium was diarrhea. Hypercalcemia has not been reported
in cases of acute overdose. A risk of hypercalcemia should be considered in chronic overdosage only. Treatment of overdose
should be symptomatic and supportive.
|
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
|
| |
The recommended dose of acamprosate calcium is two 333- mg tablets (each dose should total 666 mg) taken 3 times daily. Although
dosing may be done without regard to meals, dosing with meals was employed during clinical trials and is suggested as an aid
to compliance in those patients who regularly eat 3 meals daily. A lower dose may be effective in some patients.
Treatment with acamprosate calcium should be initiated as soon as possible after the period of alcohol withdrawal, when the
patient has achieved abstinence, and should be maintained if the patient relapses. Acamprosate calcium should be used as part
of a comprehensive psychosocial treatment program.
Dosage in Renal Impairment
|
| |
For patients with moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance of 30- 50 ml/ min), a starting dose of one 333- mg tablet
taken 3 times daily is recommended. Patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance of ≤30 ml/ min) should not
be given acamprosate calcium.
|
|
HOW SUPPLIED
|
| |
Campral 333- mg tablets are enteric- coated, white, round, biconvex tablets, identified with “333” debossed on one side.
Storage: Store at 25ºC (77ºF); excursions permitted to 15- 30ºC (59- 86ºF).
|
PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
|
| |
None Available |
PRODUCT LISTING - EQUIVALENTS NOT AVAILABLE
|
| |
| enteric coated tablet - oral - 333 mg -
|
| 180.0 |
$130.50 |
Campral
Forest Pharmaceuticals
|
00456333060 |
| 180.0 |
$130.50 |
Campral
Forest Pharmaceuticals
|
00456333001 |
|
|