Alcohol; Dextrose (0118)
| Ingredients: |
Alcohol; Dextrose |
| Indications: |
Nutritional support |
| Pregnancy Category: |
(none)
|
| FDA Approved: |
pre- 1938 |
| Classes: |
Nutritionals, enteral/ parenteral |
| Brand Names: |
|
| DEA schedules: |
(none)
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DESCRIPTION
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5% Alcohol and 5% dextrose injection, is a sterile, nonpyrogenic hypertonic solution in water for injection. Each 100 ml contains
alcohol, dehydrated, 5 ml and dextrose, hydrous 5 g which provides a total of 450 calories/ L (alcohol, 280 calories; dextrose,
170 calories)*. The solution has an osmolality of 1114 mOsm/ L (calc.) and approximate ph 4.4.
*Caloric values based on 5.6 cal/ ml of alcohol and 3.4 calories/ g of dextrose (International Critical Tables, V, p. 166,
1929).
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CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
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5% Alcohol and 5% dextrose injection is an intravenous source of carbohydrate calories. In the average adult, pure ethyl alcohol
is metabolized at a rate of approximately 10- 20 ml/ h, depending on body weight and tolerance of the individual. (This is
equivalent to an intravenous rate of infusion of 200- 400 ml/ h of a 5% alcohol solution.) Sedative effects of alcohol occur
if the rate of infusion exceeds the rate of metabolism. Dextrose (D- glucose) can be infused at a maximum rate of 0.5 g/ kg
of body weight per hour without producing glycosuria (equivalent to 700 ml of a 5% dextrose solution for a 70 kg adult). Thus,
the maximum rate that alcohol can be infused without producing sedative effects is well below the maximum rate of utilization
of dextrose.
Alcohol is metabolized, mostly in the liver, to acetaldehyde or acetate. The rate of oxidation is a linear function of time.
Starvation lowers the rate of metabolism and insulin increases the rate.
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INDICATIONS AND USAGE
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5% Alcohol and 5% dextrose injection is indicated for increasing caloric intake.
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CONTRAINDICATIONS
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Alcohol should not be used in patients with epilepsy or urinary tract infection. 5% Alcohol and 5% dextrose injection is contraindicated
in diabetic coma.
Alcohol is contraindicated in patients who have been addicted to it.
Do not give subcutaneously and avoid extravasation during intravenous administration.
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WARNINGS
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Alcohol should be used cautiously, if at all, in patients with liver impairment, in the presence of shock, following cranial
surgery, in actual or anticipated postpartum hemorrhage or in the presence of significant renal impairment.
Alcohol will decrease blood sugar in diabetic patients. In the untreated diabetic the rate of alcohol metabolism will be slowed.
As a nutrient, alcohol supplies only calories. Given alone, it may cause or potentiate vitamin deficiencies and certain liver
alterations.
Alcohol crosses the placenta rapidly and enters the fetal circulation. It may also be found in the milk of lactating women.
The use of this preparation in pregnancy should be carefully deliberated.
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PRECAUTIONS
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5% Alcohol and 5% dextrose injection should be administered slowly, and the patient observed for restlessness or narcosis.
The half- lives of diphenylhydantoin, warfarin and tolbutamide may be shortened by 50- 75% by concurrent administration of
alcohol.
Alcohol increases serum uric acid and can precipitate acute gout.
The vasodilating effect may potentiate postural hypotension, particularly in association with some antihypertensive drugs.
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ADVERSE REACTIONS
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Alcoholic intoxication may occur with too rapid infusion. Vertigo, flushing, disorientation (especially in elderly patients),
or sedation may also occur. An alcoholic odor may be noted on the breath. Generally, these effects can be avoided by slowing
the rate of infusion.
Too rapid infusion of hypertonic solutions may cause local pain and rarely, excessive vein irritation. Use of the largest
available peripheral vein and a small bore needle is recommended.
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DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
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5% Alcohol and 5% dextrose injection should be administered by slow intravenous infusion. Administration of 200 ml/ h will
produce a blood level of less than 0.08 g of alcohol per 100 ml of blood. A normal adult can metabolize 10 ml of alcohol per
hour (equivalent to 200 ml of a 5% alcohol solution).
The adult dosage ranges from 1- 2 L/ day (24 hours) as determined by the needs of the patient. The average adult daily fluid
requirement of 3 L/ day should be provided by other suitable solutions to meet daily maintenance requirements for electrolytes.
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PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
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None Available |
PRODUCT LISTING - RATED THERAPEUTICALLY EQUIVALENT
|
| |
| solution - injectable - 98% -
|
| 1.0 ml x 25.0 |
$319.73 |
GENERIC
Abbott Pharmaceutical
|
00074377204 |
| solution - intravenous - 5%- 5% -
|
| 1000.0 ml x 6.0 |
$112.20 |
GENERIC
B. Braun/ McGaw Inc
|
00264198100 |
|
PRODUCT LISTING - EQUIVALENTS NOT AVAILABLE
|
| |
| solution - injectable - 98% -
|
| 1.0 ml x 10.0 |
$43.90 |
GENERIC
Pasadena Research Laboratories Inc
|
11098050301 |
| 1.0 ml x 10.0 |
$46.80 |
GENERIC
Hope Pharmaceuticals
|
60267010011 |
| 1.0 ml x 10.0 |
$78.00 |
GENERIC
Mayne Pharma Inc
|
61703040123 |
| 1.0 ml x 10.0 |
$81.30 |
GENERIC
American Regent Laboratories Inc
|
00517857110 |
| 1.0 ml x 25.0 |
$105.60 |
GENERIC
Apotex Corporation
|
61147800500 |
| 5.0 ml x 10.0 |
$117.50 |
GENERIC
Hope Pharmaceuticals
|
60267020022 |
| 5.0 ml x 10.0 |
$368.80 |
GENERIC
American Regent Laboratories Inc
|
00517857510 |
| 5.0 ml x 10.0 |
$388.80 |
GENERIC
Mayne Pharma Inc
|
61703040151 |
| 5.0 ml x 10.0 |
$408.00 |
GENERIC
Mayne Pharma Inc
|
61703040109 |
| 5.0 ml |
$479.30 |
GENERIC
Apotex Corporation
|
61147800502 |
| 50.0 ml |
$321.37 |
GENERIC
Mayne Pharma Inc
|
61703040150 |
| solution - intravenous - 10%- 5% -
|
| 1000.0 ml x 6.0 |
$106.72 |
GENERIC
B. Braun/ McGaw Inc
|
00264197800 |
| 1000.0 ml x 6.0 |
$140.40 |
GENERIC
B. Braun/ McGaw Inc
|
00264197810 |
|
|